Mojave Desert
The Mojave Desert (pronounced: /mɵˈhɑːviː/ mo-hah-vee) is a rain shadow, mostly high desert area, that occupies a significant portion of southeastern California and smaller parts of central California, southernNevada, southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona in the United States. The term Mojave originates from the Spanish language while the spelling Mohave comes from modern English. Both are used today, although the Mohave Tribal Nation officially uses the spelling Mojave; the word is a shortened form of Hamakhaave, their endonym in their native language, which means 'beside the water'.[5] The Mojave Desert displays typical basin and range topography. Higher elevations above 2,000 feet (610 m) in the Mojave are commonly referred to as the High Desert; however, Death Valley is the lowest elevation in North America at 282 feet (86 m) below sea level and is one of the Mojave Desert's more notorious places.
The Mojave Desert's boundaries are generally defined by the presence of Yucca brevifolia (Joshua trees), considered an indicator species for this desert. The topographical boundaries include the Tehachapitogether with the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountain ranges. The mountain boundaries are quite distinct since they are outlined by the two largest faults in California, the San Andreas and Garlock faults. TheGreat Basin shrub steppe lies to the north, and the warmer Sonoran Desert (the Low Desert) lies to the south and east. The desert is believed to support between 1,750 and 2,000 species of plants.[6]
While most of the Mojave Desert is sparsely populated, several large cities can be found there including Lancaster, Palmdale and Victorville in California, as well as Henderson and Las Vegas (the largest) in Nevada. There are some research facilities at Mojave Airport (also known as Mojave Air and Space Port), located within Mojave Desert.
Climate
The Mojave Desert receives fewer than 13 in (330 mm) of rain a year and is generally between 2,000 and 5,000 feet (610 and 1,520 m) in elevation. The Mojave Desert also contains the Mojave National Preserve; as well as the lowest and hottest place in North America: Death Valley at 282 feet below sea level; where the temperature often surpasses 120 °F (49 °C) from late June to early August. Zion National Park in Utahlies at the junction of the Mojave, the Great Basin Desert, and the Colorado Plateau. Despite its aridity, the Mojave (and particularly the Antelope Valley in its southwest) has long been a center of alfalfa production; fed by irrigation coming from groundwater and (in the 20th century) from the California Aqueduct.
The Mojave is a desert of temperature extremes and two distinct seasons. Winter months bring temperatures dipping to around 20 °F (−7 °C) on valley floors, and below 0 °F (−18 °C) at higher elevations. Storms moving from the Pacific Northwest can bring rain and in some places even snow. More often, the rain shadow created by the Sierra Nevada as well as mountain ranges within the desert such as the Spring Mountains, bring only clouds and wind. In longer periods between storm systems, winter temperatures in valleys can approach 80 °F (27 °C).
Spring weather continues to be influenced by Pacific storms, but rainfall is more widespread and occurs less frequently after April. By early June, it is rare for another Pacific storm to have a significant impact on the region's weather; and temperatures after the middle of May are normally above 90 °F (32 °C) and frequently above 100 °F (38 °C).
Summer weather is dominated by heat. Temperatures on valley floors can soar above 120 °F (49 °C) and above 130 °F (54 °C) at the lowest elevations. Low humidity, high temperatures, and low pressure, draw in moisture from the Gulf of Mexico creating thunderstorms across the desert southwest known as the North American monsoon. While the Mojave does not get nearly the amount of rainfall that the Sonoran desert to the south receives, monsoonal moisture will create thunderstorms as far west as California'sCentral Valley from mid-June through early September.
Autumn is generally pleasant, with one to two Pacific storm systems creating regional rain events. October is one of the driest and sunniest months in the Mojave; and temperatures usually remain between 70 °F (21 °C) and 90 °F (32 °C) on the valley floors.
After temperature, wind is the most significant weather phenomenon in the Mojave. Across the region windy days are common; and also common in areas near the transition between the Mojave and the California low valleys, including near Cajon Pass, Soledad Canyon and the Tehachapi areas. During the June Gloom, cooler air can be pushed out into the desert from Southern California. In Santa Ana wind events, hot air from the desert blows out into the Los Angeles basin and other coastal areas. Wind farms in these areas generate power from these winds.
The other major weather factor in the region is elevation. The highest peak within the Mojave is Charleston Peak at 11,918 feet (3,633 m);[3] while the Badwater Basin in Death Valley is 282 feet (86 m) below sea level. Accordingly, temperature and precipitation ranges wildly in all seasons across the region.
The Mojave Desert has not historically supported a fire regime because of low fuel loads and connectivity. However, in the last few decades, invasive annual plants (e.g., Bromus spp., Schismus spp., Brassica spp.) have facilitated fire; which has significantly altered many areas of the desert. At higher elevations, fire regimes are regular but infrequent.
| [hide]Climate data for Furnace Creek, Death Valley (Elevation −190 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) | 97 (36) | 102 (39) | 113 (45) | 122 (50) | 128 (53) | 134 (57) | 127 (53) | 123 (51) | 113 (45) | 98 (37) | 88 (31) | 134 (57) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 66.9 (19.4) | 73.3 (22.9) | 82.1 (27.8) | 90.5 (32.5) | 100.5 (38.1) | 109.9 (43.3) | 116.5 (46.9) | 114.7 (45.9) | 106.5 (41.4) | 92.8 (33.8) | 77.1 (25.1) | 65.2 (18.4) | 91.4 (33) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 40.0 (4.4) | 46.3 (7.9) | 54.8 (12.7) | 62.1 (16.7) | 72.7 (22.6) | 81.2 (27.3) | 88.0 (31.1) | 85.7 (29.8) | 75.6 (24.2) | 61.5 (16.4) | 48.1 (8.9) | 38.3 (3.5) | 62.9 (17.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 15 (−9) | 26 (−3) | 26 (−3) | 39 (4) | 46 (8) | 54 (12) | 67 (19) | 65 (18) | 55 (13) | 37 (3) | 30 (−1) | 22 (−6) | 15 (−9) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 0.39 (9.9) | 0.51 (13) | 0.30 (7.6) | 0.12 (3) | 0.03 (0.8) | 0.05 (1.3) | 0.07 (1.8) | 0.13 (3.3) | 0.21 (5.3) | 0.07 (1.8) | 0.18 (4.6) | 0.30 (7.6) | 2.36 (59.9) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217 | 226 | 279 | 330 | 372 | 390 | 403 | 372 | 330 | 310 | 210 | 186 | 3,625 |
| Source #1: NOAA 1981–2010 US Climate Normals [7] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: weather2travel | |||||||||||||
| [hide]Climate data for Searchlight, Nevada. (Elevation 3,550 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 77 (25) | 81 (27) | 90 (32) | 94 (34) | 102 (39) | 110 (43) | 111 (44) | 110 (43) | 107 (42) | 98 (37) | 86 (30) | 75 (24) | 111 (44) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 53.7 (12.1) | 58.4 (14.7) | 65.0 (18.3) | 73.1 (22.8) | 82.5 (28.1) | 92.7 (33.7) | 97.6 (36.4) | 95.4 (35.2) | 89.0 (31.7) | 77.0 (25) | 63.6 (17.6) | 54.4 (12.4) | 75.2 (24) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 35.6 (2) | 38.3 (3.5) | 41.8 (5.4) | 48.0 (8.9) | 55.9 (13.3) | 64.8 (18.2) | 71.4 (21.9) | 69.6 (20.9) | 63.9 (17.7) | 53.9 (12.2) | 43.0 (6.1) | 36.4 (2.4) | 51.9 (11.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 7 (−14) | 11 (−12) | 20 (−7) | 27 (−3) | 30 (−1) | 40 (4) | 52 (11) | 51 (11) | 41 (5) | 23 (−5) | 15 (−9) | 8 (−13) | 7 (−14) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 0.92 (23.4) | 0.96 (24.4) | 0.77 (19.6) | 0.40 (10.2) | 0.20 (5.1) | 0.11 (2.8) | 0.91 (23.1) | 1.08 (27.4) | 0.61 (15.5) | 0.52 (13.2) | 0.43 (10.9) | 0.79 (20.1) | 7.70 (195.6) |
| Source: The Western Regional Climate Center[9] | |||||||||||||
| [hide]Climate data for Mount Charleston Lodge, Nevada. (Elevation 7,420 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 70 (21) | 69 (21) | 73 (23) | 79 (26) | 86 (30) | 93 (34) | 98 (37) | 93 (34) | 90 (32) | 83 (28) | 79 (26) | 69 (21) | 98 (37) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 44.0 (6.7) | 43.4 (6.3) | 48.8 (9.3) | 54.8 (12.7) | 64.4 (18) | 74.1 (23.4) | 79.4 (26.3) | 78.2 (25.7) | 71.7 (22.1) | 61.4 (16.3) | 51.6 (10.9) | 44.3 (6.8) | 59.7 (15.4) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 19.2 (−7.1) | 19.8 (−6.8) | 23.5 (−4.7) | 28.2 (−2.1) | 36.4 (2.4) | 44.1 (6.7) | 52.0 (11.1) | 50.6 (10.3) | 43.5 (6.4) | 34.5 (1.4) | 26.0 (−3.3) | 19.4 (−7) | 33.1 (0.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −11 (−24) | −15 (−26) | 1 (−17) | 7 (−14) | 16 (−9) | 17 (−8) | 31 (−1) | 30 (−1) | 17 (−8) | 9 (−13) | 1 (−17) | −18 (−28) | −18 (−28) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.83 (71.9) | 3.51 (89.2) | 1.92 (48.8) | 1.23 (31.2) | 0.70 (17.8) | 0.29 (7.4) | 2.13 (54.1) | 1.89 (48) | 1.69 (42.9) | 1.96 (49.8) | 1.31 (33.3) | 3.61 (91.7) | 23.09 (586.5) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 18.2 (46.2) | 29.3 (74.4) | 13.2 (33.5) | 8.3 (21.1) | 1.0 (2.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.6 (4.1) | 5.2 (13.2) | 20.0 (50.8) | 97.1 (246.6) |
Geography
See also the categories Mountain ranges of the Mojave Desert, Valleys of the Mojave Desert, and Lakes of the Mojave Desert.
The Mojave Desert is defined by numerous mountain ranges creating its xeric conditions. These ranges often create valleys, endorheic basins, salt pans, and seasonal saline lakes when precipitation is high enough. These mountain ranges and valleys are part of the Basin and Range province and the Great Basin; a geologic area of crustal thinning which pulls open valleys over millions of years. Most of the valleys are internally drained (endorheic basins), so all precipitation that falls within the valley does not eventually flow to the ocean. Some of the Mojave (toward the east, in and around the Colorado River/Virgin River Gorge) is within a different geographic domain called the Colorado Plateau. This area is known for its incised canyons, high mesas and plateaus, and flat strata; a unique geographic locality found nowhere else on earth.
Cities and regions
Main article: List of cities in the Mojave Desert
For a description of the metropolitan areas of the Mojave, see High Desert (California).
While the Mojave Desert itself is sparsely populated, it has increasingly become urbanized in recent years. The Mojave metropolitan areas include: Las Vegas, which is the largest city in the Mojave with a metropolitan population of around 1.9 million in 2006; Lancaster, the largest California city in the desert; and over 850,000 people live in areas of the Mojave attached to the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, including Palmdale and Lancaster, (referred to as the Antelope Valley), Victorville, Apple Valley and Hesperia (referred to as the Victor Valley) attached to the Inland Empire metropolitan area, the 14th largest in the nation; and St.George in the northeastern-most part of the Mojave.
Smaller cities or micropolitan areas in the Mojave Desert include Lake Havasu City, Kingman, Laughlin, Bullhead City and Pahrump. All have experienced rapid population growth since 1990.
Towns with fewer than 30,000 people in the Mojave include: Barstow, Boron, California City, Joshua Tree, Lone Pine, Mojave, Needles, Nipton, Pioneertown, Randsburg, Ridgecrest,Rosamond and Twentynine Palms in California; Mesquite and Moapa Valley in Nevada; and Hurricane in Utah.
The California portion of the desert also contains Edwards Air Force Base and Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, noted for experimental aviation and weapons projects, and thelargest Marine Corps base in the world at Twentynine Palms. The US Army also maintains Fort Irwin & the National Training Center (NTC) which is another major training area for the United States Military. Mojave airport is also home to a long term storage facility for large airplanes due to extremely dry non-corrosive weather conditions and a hard ground ideal for parking aircraft. The airport also houses the Air and Space Port and was one of the test centres for the Virgin Galactic Fleet.
The Mojave Desert contains a number of ghost towns, the most significant of these being the gold-mining town of Oatman, Arizona, the silver-mining town of Calico, California, and the old railroad depot of Kelso. Some of the other ghost towns are of the more modern variety, created when U.S. Route 66 (and the lesser-known U.S. Route 91) were abandoned in favor of the Interstates. The Mojave Desert is crossed by major highways Interstate 15, Interstate 40, U.S. Route 95, U.S. Route 395 and California State Route 58.
Other than the Colorado River on the eastern half of the Mojave, few long streams cross the desert. The Mojave River is an important source of water for the southern parts of the desert. The Amargosa River flows from the Great Basin Desert south to near Beatty, Nevada, then underground through Ash Meadows before returning to the surface near Shoshone, California, disappearing underground again a short while later and has its final outlet into the southern end of Death Valley. The riverbed passes under SR 127 near Dumont Dunes before turning north into Death Valley National Park.
The Mojave Desert is also home to the Devils Playground; about 40 miles (64 km) of dunes and salt flats going in a northwest-southeasterly direction. The Devils Playground is a part of the Mojave National Preserve and is located between the town of Baker, California and Providence Mountains. The Cronese Mountains are found within the Devils Playground.
Parks and tourism
The Mojave Desert is one of the most popular tourism spots in North America, primarily because of the gambling destination of Las Vegas. The Mojave is also known for its scenic beauty, with three national parks – Death Valley National Park, Joshua Tree National Park, and the Mojave National Preserve. Lakes Mead, Mohave, and Havasu provide water sports recreation, and vast off-road areas entice off-road enthusiasts. The Mojave Desert also includes a California State Park, the Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve, located in Lancaster. Hoover Dam is a popular tourist destination. Visitors get a chance to see the structure, the hydroelectric power plant, and hear the history of the dam's construction during the Great Depression.[10]
Besides the major national parks, there are other areas of identified significance and tourist interest in the desert such as the Big Morongo Canyon Preserve, within the Colorado Desert, and the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, 17 miles (27 km) west of Las Vegas, both of which are managed by the Bureau of Land Management.
Among the more popular and unique tourist attractions in the Mojave is the self described world's tallest thermometer at 134 feet (41 m) high, which is located along Interstate 15 in Baker, California. The newly renovated Kelso Depot is the Visitor Center for the Mojave National Preserve. Nearby the massive Kelso Dunes are a popular recreation spot. Nipton, California, located on the northern entrance to the Mojave National Preserve, is a restored ghost town founded in 1885.
Several attractions and natural features are located in the Calico Mountains. Calico Ghost Town, in Yermo, is administered by San Bernardino County. The ghost town has several shops and attractions, and inspired Walter Knott to build Knott's Berry Farm. The BLM also administers Rainbow Basin and Owl Canyon, two "off-the-beaten-path" scenic attractions together north of Barstow in the Calicos. The Calico Early Man Site, in the Calico Hills east of Yermo, is believed by some archaeologists, including the late Louis Leakey, to show the earliest evidence with lithic stone tools found here of human activity in North America. The Calico Peaks scenically rise above all the destinations.
A tour of the Mojave Desert inspired American songwriter Carrie Jacobs-Bond to compose the parlor song "A Perfect Day" in 1909.[11]
Museums
- Antelope Valley Indian Museum State Historic Park
- Amargosa Opera House and Hotel
- Barstow Route 66 "Mother Road" Museum
- California Route 66 Museum
- Desert Discovery Center
- Harvey House Railroad Depot
- Kelso Depot, Restaurant and Employees Hotel
- Maturango Museum
- Mojave River Valley Museum
- Western America Railroad Museum
Parks and protected areas
Main pages: Category:Protected areas of the Mojave Desert and Category:Protected areas of the Mojave Desert
- Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve
- Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park
- Death Valley National Park
- Desert National Wildlife Refuge (Nevada)
- Joshua Tree National Park
- Lake Mead National Recreation Area
- Mojave National Preserve
- Providence Mountains State Recreation Area
- Red Cliffs National Conservation Area (Utah)
- Red Rock Canyon State Park
- Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area (Nevada)
- Saddleback Butte State Park
- Snow Canyon State Park (Utah)
Native Mojave plants and animals
Flora
- Newberry's milkvetch (Astragalus newberryi)
- California barrel cactus (Ferocactus cylindraceus)
- Banana yucca (Yucca baccata)
- Beavertail prickly pear (Opuntia basilaris)
- California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera)
- Creosote bush
- Mojave suncup (Camissonia campestris)
- Cooper's dyssodia (or dogweed) (Adenophyllum cooperi)
- Death Valley monkeyflower (Mimulus rupicola)
- Desert candle (Caulanthus inflatus)
- Desert five-spot
- Desert larkspur
- Desert Lily
- Desert rock pea
- Desert star
- Erigeron concinnus
- Ipomopsis arizonica
- Joshua Tree[12]
- Jumping Cholla
- Larrea tridentata
- Linanthus demissus
- Lupinus arizonicus
- Mesquite
- Mojave prickly poppy
- Mojave sage[13]
- Mojave yucca[13]
- Mormon Tea
- Branched Pencil Cholla
- Phacelia calthifolia
- Phacelia crenulata
- Pinus monophylla
- Ocotillo
- Prairie clover
- Latimer's woodland gilia (Saltugilia latimeri)
- Senna covesii
- Teddy-bear Cholla[13]
- Utah Juniper
- Western poison oak[14]
- White woolly daisy
- Wide-bannered lupine
Fauna
- See also: Category: Fauna of the Mojave Desert
- Arizona bark scorpion
- Bat
- Bobcat
- Burrowing Owl
- California Kingsnake
- Chuckwalla
- Common Raven
- Common Side-blotched Lizard
- Cottontail rabbit
- Cougar
- Coyote
- Desert Bighorn Sheep
- Desert Chipmunk
- Desert Horned Lizard
- Desert Iguana
- Desert kit fox
- Desert night lizard
- Desert tortoise
- Elf Owl
- Fringe-toed lizard
- Gila Monster
- Glossy Snake
- Gopher Snake
- Great Basin Collared Lizard
- Hummingbird
- Jackrabbit
- Kangaroo Rat
- Long-nosed Leopard Lizard
- Long-tailed Brush Lizard
- Mojave Green Rattlesnake
- Mojave ground squirrel
- Mohave tui chub
- Mule Deer
- Pronghorn
- Red-spotted Toad
- Red-tailed Hawk
- Rosy boa
- Sidewinder rattler
- Tarantula
- Western Diamondback Rattlesnake
- Western patch-nosed snake
- Zebra-tailed lizard
West Mojave Plan litigation
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages public lands in the Mojave Desert as part of its "crown jewels of the American West" National Landscape Conservation System. It has designated numerous large off-road vehicle open use areas on public lands in the western Mojave Desert, including El Mirage, Jawbone Canyon, Rasor, Spangler Hills, Stoddard Valley, Dove Spring Canyon, Dumont Dunes, and the world's largest open off-road vehicle use area, Johnson Valley. Open areas designated for unrestricted vehicle travel in the western Mojave Desert total 363,480 acres (1,471.0 km2). Several additional open areas dedicated to unrestricted vehicle travel on public lands have been designated in the northern and eastern Colorado (NECO) Desert. In 2002, BLM designated all washes in the southeastern third of the NECO planning area as also open to unrestricted vehicle travel. This was followed in 2003 by BLM expanding the off-road vehicle network in the western Mojave Desert to enhance off-road vehicle recreation opportunity. In 2004, relative to the case of Center for Biological Diversity, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Bureau of Land Management, et al., Defendants; the United States District court enjoined "all off-road vehicle use in the washes of the NECO Desert planning area pending issuance of a new biological opinion.".[15]:a A new biological opinion was subsequently issued and BLM's open wash designation in the NECO planning area was reinstated. In 2006, several environmental groups protested an additional route network expansion designated under the West Mojave Desert (WEMO) plan.
In 2009, U.S. District Judge Susan Illston ruled against the BLM's proposed designation of additional off-road vehicle use allowance in the western Mojave Desert. According to the ruling, the BLM violated its own regulations[16]when it designated approximately 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of off-roading routes in 2006.[17] According to Judge Ilston, the BLM's designation was significantly "flawed because it does not contain a reasonable range of alternatives" to limit damage to sensitive habitat.[18] Judge Illston found that the bureau had inadequately analyzed the routes' impacts on air quality, soils, plant communities, riparian habitats, and sensitive species such as the endangered Mojave fringe-toed lizard, pointing out that the desert and its resources are "extremely fragile, easily scarred, and slowly healed."[18]
The court also found that the BLM failed to follow route designation procedures established in the agency’s own California Desert Conservation Area Plan, which allowed visitors to create hundreds of illegal OHV routes during the past three decades. The plan normally requires the BLM to consider the impacts to private property, non-motorized recreation opportunity, and natural resources before establishing off road areas.[16] The adopted West Mojave plan amendment was found to have violated the BLM's own manual of regulations, the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA) and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA).[17] The ruling was considered a success for a coalition of conservation groups, including the California Native Plant Society, Friends of Juniper Flats, the Alliance for Responsible Recreation, Community Off-Road Vehicle Watch, The Center for Biological Diversity, Sierra Club, and The Wilderness Society, who together initiated the legal challenge in late 2006.[18]
In 2011, Judge Illston ruled on a remedy request submitted by the ten involved environmental organizations. BLM in this ruling was directed to complete a revised WEMO route designation complying with all laws and regulations by March 2014. The agency is also required per this ruling to place signs on all off-road vehicle routes which are legal to use, create a monitoring plan to determine if illegal vehicle use is occurring, and provide additional enforcement to prevent illegal use.
Mojave Desert
Lowest Absolute Elevation - Highest Maximum Temperature
The Mojave has a typical mountain-and-basin topography with sparse vegetation. Sand and gravel basins drain to central salt flats from which borax, potash and salt are extracted. Silver, tungsten, gold and iron deposits are worked.
The transition from the hot Sonoran Desert to the cooler and higher Great Basin is called the Mojave Desert. This arid region of southeastern California and portions of Nevada, Arizona and Utah, occupies more than 25,000 square miles.
Situated between the Great Basin Desert to the north and the Sonoran to the south (mainly between 34 and 38°N latitudes), the Mojave, a rainshadow desert, is defined by a combination of latitude, elevation, geology, and indicator plants.
Elevations are generally between three and six thousand feet, although Death Valley National Park includes both 11,049-foot Telescope Peak and the lowest point in the United States 282 feet below sea level at Badwater.
Temperatures are a function of both latitude and altitude. Although the Mojave Desert has the lowest absolute elevation and the highest maximum temperature (134°F in Death Valley), it is north of the Sonoran Desert and its average elevations are higher. As a result, its average temperatures are lower than those of the Sonoran.
Major Parks in the Mojave Desert
Death Valley National ParkJoshua Tree National ParkLake Mead National Recreation Area (NRA)
Mojave National Preserve (The Mojave Road)
Mojave National Preserve (The Mojave Road)
The Mojave Desert hosts about 200 endemic plant species found in neither of the adjacent deserts.Cactus are usually restricted to the coarse soils of bajadas. Mojave
Yucca and, at higher elevations Desert Spanish Bayonet, a narrow-leafed yucca, are prominent. Creosote Bush, Shadscale, Big Sagebrush, Bladder-sage, bursages and Blackbush are common shrubs of the Mojave Desert.
Yucca and, at higher elevations Desert Spanish Bayonet, a narrow-leafed yucca, are prominent. Creosote Bush, Shadscale, Big Sagebrush, Bladder-sage, bursages and Blackbush are common shrubs of the Mojave Desert.
Occasional Catclaws grow along arroyos. But, unlike the Sonoran Desert, trees are few, both in numbers and diversity. The exception is the Joshua Tree. While this unusual tree-like yucca is usually considered the prime indicator of Mojave Desert vegetation, it occurs only at higher elevations in this desert and only in this desert.
National Park Service Map
The Parks
Death Valley National ParkJoshua Tree National ParkLake Mead National Recreation Area (NRA)
Mojave National Preserve (The Mojave Road)
Mojave National Preserve (The Mojave Road)
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Mojave Desert
Situated between the Great Basin Desert to the north and the Sonoran to the south (mainly between 34 and 38°N latitudes), the Mojave, a rainshadow desert, is defined by a combination of latitude, elevation, geology, and indicator plants.
ElevationsElevations are generally between three and six thousand feet, although Death Valley National Park includes both 11,049-foot Telescope Peak and the lowest point in the United States 282 feet below sea level at Badwater.
TemperaturesTemperatures are a function of both latitude and altitude. Although the Mojave Desert has the lowest absolute elevation and the highest maximum temperature (134°F in Death Valley), it is north of the Sonoran Desert and its average elevations are higher. As a result, its average temperatures are lower than those of the Sonoran.
Geology
The Mojave is in what some geographers call the Basin and Range Province, a landscape of alternating mountain ranges and their adjacent basins. Common rock substrates include Precambrian gneisses and granites. Slopes are often composed of metamorphic rocks, such as gneisses.
VegetationMojave Desert vegetation is dominated by low, widely spaced shrubs. Vegetation in the desert’s northern half closely resembles that of the Great Basin Desert, as that in the southern half does the Sonoran. However, nearly one quarter of all Mojave Desert plants are endemics. Synonymous with the Mojave Desert is the Joshua tree. Other endemics are Parry saltbush and Mojave sage. A more widely distributed plant, thecreosote bush, dominates much of the land surface, often in close association with white bursage.
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